ArticleBiomaterial investigations in dentistry2026
Impact of red propolis addition on the color stability and surface roughness of glass ionomer cements.
Article in Biomaterial investigations in dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) and color stability of conventional restorative glass ionomer cements (GICs) modified with the addition of red propolis ethanolic extract (RPEE) as an antimicrobial agent. Methodology: Four GICs (Riva, Maxxion, Vidrion, and Ketac) were used with the addition of RPEE at concentrations of 11% and 20%. For the control groups, the GICs were manipulated according to the manufacturers' instructions. SR was assessed using a surface profilometer. For the color variation analysis, the specimens' colors were measured in the CIE L Results: The addition of RPEE did not negatively affect the SR of Riva, Maxxion, and Ketac GICs ( Conclusion: The incorporation of RPEE into conventional GIC did not increase SR, though in the case of Vidrion cement, it resulted in a significant reduction of this parameter. Conversely, the addition of red propolis at both 11% and 20% concentrations caused significant and clinically unacceptable color changes in all tested cements, regardless of brand or concentration.
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