ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2026
A Description of Temporal Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects in the Association Between Age at Menarche and Adult Obesity Among Women in the United States.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Enduring Impact of Cohort Differences in Explaining Population Health.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- A Description of Temporal Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects in the Association Between Age at Menarche and Adult Obesity Among Women in the United States.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn recent decades, there have been concurrent secular trends in decreasing age at menarche and increasing prevalence of obesity.
objectivesTo describe temporal trends and age-period-cohort effects in the association between age at menarche and adult BMI using population-representative data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2018).
methodsSelf-identified female participants ≥ 18 years completed a Reproductive Health Questionnaire and physical examination. Age at menarche (continuous, years) was self-reported, and body mass index (BMI) (continuous, kg/m
resultsOf 23,923 NHANES participants ≥ 18 years between 1999 and 2018, mean adult BMI was greatest among individuals who self-reported age at menarche ≤ 11 years (30.9 kg/m
conclusionsThe present work characterises secular trends in decreasing age at menarche and increasing obesity prevalence to demonstrate age and cohort effects in the association between age at menarche and adult BMI. Identification of these age and cohort effects helps detect populations at risk and informs obesity prevention strategies, highlighting age at menarche as a valuable early-life indicator of obesity risk across the life course.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.