Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42130035›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2026

Adapt-on-demand: Enabling flexible and scalable adaptive radiotherapy through workflow automation.

Sean Domal, Min Geon Choi, Justin Visak, Ruiqi Li, Taoran Li, Boon-Keng Kevin Teo, Xiaodong Zhao, Matthew Schmidt, Eric Laugeman, David Parsons and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Sean DomalDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5988-5240
Min Geon ChoiDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Justin VisakDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Ruiqi LiDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-3807
Taoran LiDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Boon-Keng Kevin TeoDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Xiaodong ZhaoDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-5372
Matthew SchmidtDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-6703
Eric LaugemanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
David ParsonsDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-0647
Yang Kyun ParkDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Shahed BadiyanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
David SherDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Mu-Han LinDepartment of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Funding

Department of Radiation Oncology at UT Southwestern Medical CenterVarian Medical Systems, Inc.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCT-guided adaptive radiotherapy (CTgART) offers significant clinical benefits, but its utilization is often limited by resource demands and rigid workflows. This study presents a flexible and scalable "Adapt-on-Demand" (AOD) framework that integrates the adaptive capabilities of the Varian Ethos platform with the high-throughput IGRT delivery of the Varian Halcyon, supported by automated scripting.

methodsWe developed an end-to-end dual-platform workflow that dynamically transitions between ART and IGRT delivery based on patient needs. Key components include Eclipse Scripting API (ESAPI) automation to streamline adapted plan ingestion from the Ethos Treatment Planning and Management System (TPMS) export directory, compatibility conversion for Halcyon delivery, and ARIA chart setup. The framework was evaluated through time-efficiency analysis and longitudinal tracking of ART utilization and machine throughput. Multi-institutional deployment was also conducted to validate generalizability.

resultsAutomation reduced plan setup time from 45 to 8 min (p < 0.001, unpaired t-test), and direct comparison of MLC leaf positions confirmed exact agreement between Ethos-native and converted plans across all control points. ART utilization on the Ethos platform increased from 17% to 77% following IGRT offloading to Halcyon. The workflow was successfully implemented at two external sites without code modification, demonstrating portability.

conclusionThis AOD framework enables flexible ART delivery without compromising workflow efficiency. By automating inter-platform transitions and alleviating adaptive system burden, it improves clinical throughput and broadens patient access to ART. This work also underscores the importance of system interoperability and provides a scalable model adaptable across diverse practice settings.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsRadiotherapy, Image-GuidedRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedSoftwareWorkflowAlgorithmsAutomationHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedOrgans at RiskRadiotherapy DosageRadiotherapy, Intensity-ModulatedTomography, X-Ray Computedadaptive radiotherapyadapt‐on‐demandCT‐guided adaptive radiotherapyESAPIEthosHalcyonworkflow automation

Identifiers

PMID42130035
PMCPMC13172267

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.