ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2026
Increased Serum Levels of Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin as WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitors in Celiac Disease Patients.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Increased Serum Levels of Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin as WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitors in Celiac Disease Patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy. The WNT signaling pathway acts in adult intestinal epithelium maintenance.
aimTo evaluate the level of two WNT antagonists, including dikkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and sclerostin, in CD patients compared to controls.
methodsA total of 43 cases and 45 controls were enrolled in this case-control study. The serum levels of Dkk-1, sclerostin, citrulline, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured using the ELISA method. Moreover, the levels of vitamin D3 were measured using the HPLC method.
resultOur findings illustrated an elevation of both WNT antagonists (Dkk-1, p < 0.0001 and sclerostin, p = 0.002) in CD patients compared to controls. Moreover, the levels of PTH (p < 0.0001) and Ca (p = 0.009) were higher in CD patients. The level of citrullin was directly correlated with sclerostin (R = 0.71), PTH (R = 0.53), and Dkk-1 (R = 0.29). ROC curve analysis indicated that serum levels of Dkk-1 (AUC = 0.83), sclerostin (AUC = 0.7) and, PTH (AUC = 0.91) can differentiate CD from control.
conclusionCeliac patients have increased levels of the Dkk-1 and sclerostin, together with PTH as bone modulators, correlated with citrulline level, known as a potential marker for enterocyte mass. These results collectively indicate the significance of Dkk-1 and sclerostin in the development of celiac disease; however, further research is needed to explore their possible diagnostic and therapeutic uses in the future.
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