Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42129931›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2026

Cyberbullying in college: influencing factors and patterns of victimization.

Qianqian Zhan, Wei Zhang, Chengyan Zhu, Richard Evans, Jianwei Zhang, Jingdong Ma

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Qianqian ZhanSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Wei ZhangSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. weizhanghust@hust.edu.cn.
Chengyan ZhuSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Richard EvansFaculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Jianwei ZhangFaculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan.
Jingdong MaSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Funding

Chunhui Project from Ministry of Education in China HZKY20220326National Natural Science Fundation of China 72104087
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWith the rapid advancement of social media and online communication platforms, cyberbullying has become increasingly rampant. As college students transition into adulthood, they may lack the maturity to navigate the risks of using such platforms, rendering them susceptible to cyberbullying and its associated harms. As a result, this study aimed to investigate the patterns of cyberbullying victimization among college students, analyze the influencing factors associated with these patterns, and provide a basis for adopting targeted strategies to address the issue. The objective of this was to derive insights that could inform the development of targeted coping strategies.

methodThis study was conducted under the framework of Routine Activity Theory and Lifestyle Theory. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to college students. The analyses empirically investigated the patterns of cyberbullying victimization among college students using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Potential predictors of class membership were also examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis.

resultA sample of 414 college students (55.1% females, age M = 21.22, SD = 1.64) from China's mainland participated in this study. Three patterns of victimization were identified: "all-types victimization" (21.8%), "verbal-only victimization" (25.1%), and "low victimization" (53.1%).

conclusionThe findings regarding influencing factors indicated that: (1) differences among the three classes, in terms of gender and year of study, were statistically significant (P < 0.05); and (2) social media use and self-disclosure increased cyberbullying victimization, while the social support received by students decreased cyberbullying victimization. These results can assist social media platform owners and policymakers with the development of targeted strategies for cyberbullying prevention.

Indexed as

Crime VictimsCyberbullyingStudentsAdultChinaFemaleHumansMaleSocial MediaSurveys and QuestionnairesUniversitiesYoung AdultCollege studentsCyberbullying victimizationLatent class analysisSelf-disclosureSocial media useSocial support.

Identifiers

PMID42129931
PMCPMC13339837

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.