ArticleBMC oral health2026
Investigation of the effects of two- and three-implant supported overdenture prostheses on peri-implant bone and mandibular trabecular bone using fractal analysis and radiomorphometric methods on panoramic radiographs.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo compare the average values of fractal and radiomorphometric analysis measurements in patients using overdenture prostheses supported by two or three implants.
methodsThis retrospective study analyzed panoramic radiographs of 40 patients (aged 40-90 years) treated with overdentures supported by either two or three implants (n = 20 per group). Baseline and 1-2-year follow-up radiographs were evaluated. Fractal dimension was assessed in mesial, distal, and apical peri-implant regions and averaged at the patient level to avoid clustering of implant-level observations. Radiomorphometric indices, including mandibular cortical width (MCW), mandibular cortical index (MCI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), antegonial index (AI), and gonial index (GI), were measured bilaterally. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of fractal dimension changes (T1-T0).
resultsFractal analysis showed no significant intergroup differences in overall trabecular bone structure. A significant increase over time was observed only in distal fractal measurements in the two-implant group, with higher follow-up values compared with the three-implant group (p < 0.05). At follow-up (T1), mandibular cortical width (MCW) and antegonial index (AI) values were significantly higher in the three-implant group (p < 0.05), whereas no differences were detected for PMI or MCI. Regression analysis demonstrated that baseline fractal values were significant predictors of fractal dimension changes in all regions, whereas implant configuration was significantly associated only with distal fractal change.
conclusionFractal analysis showed no significant difference in overall trabecular bone adaptation between two- and three-implant-supported overdenture groups. Radiomorphometric findings suggest a potential association between implant configuration and cortical bone characteristics; however, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Regression analysis indicated that baseline fractal values were the strongest predictors of subsequent changes, while the effect of implant configuration was limited to the distal region. These findings should be interpreted cautiously and considered hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.