ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2026
A CSF disease-associated macrophage signature defines progressive multiple sclerosis.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveProgression in multiple sclerosis (MS) often corresponds to irreversible disability in MS patients. Cellular changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have provided biomarkers and mechanisms in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) but remain understudied in primary and secondary progressive MS (summarized herein as PMS).
methodsWe combined retrospective flow cytometry of CSF cells from RRMS (n = 169), PMS (n = 56), and non-inflammatory controls (n = 74) with prospective CSF single-cell transcriptomics of 35 individuals (11 controls, 12 RRMS, and 12 PMS) and with confirmatory CSF ELISA. Available CSF single-cell data from age-matched and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients served as additional controls.
resultsProportions of CD14
interpretationWe thus identified MS stage-specific CSF signatures and shared cellular features of degeneration detectable in CSF of PMS patients.
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