Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42129370›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2026

Positive end-expiratory pressure levels during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth (POLAR): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

David G Tingay, Laura Galletta, Louise S Owen, Omar Kamlin, Francesca Orsini, David Stewart, Elizabeth Foglia, Elizabeth Perkins, Martijn Miedema, Sherry E Courtney and 11 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04372953 (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04372953 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) Levels During Resuscitation of Preterm Infants at Birth (The POLAR Trial).

TypeinterventionalSponsorMurdoch Childrens Research InstituteRan2021 to 2028Enrolled906ConditionsLung Injury, Preterm BirthArmsPositive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Initial CPAP of 5 versus 8 cmHEuropean journal of pediatrics · 2026
    Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

David G Tingay *Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. David.tingay@mcri.edu.au.
Laura Galletta *Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Louise S OwenNeonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Omar KamlinNeonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Francesca OrsiniClinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (CEBU), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
David StewartNeonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Elizabeth FogliaDivision of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Elizabeth PerkinsNeonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Martijn MiedemaDepartment of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sherry E CourtneyDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Burkhard SimmaDepartment of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria.
Wolfgang StelzlDepartment of Pediatrics, Academic Teaching Hospital, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria.
Anup KatheriaSharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women & Children, San Diego, CA, USA.
Anna LavizzariNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Charles C RoehrFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Gianluca ListaDepartment of Pediatrics, NICU, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, ASST-FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy.
Joanna BezetteParent representative, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Anton H van KaamDepartment of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Haresh KirpalaniDivision of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Peter G DavisNeonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
POLAR Trial Investigators

Funding

Commonwealth Government of Australia Medical Research Future Fund for Research Activities (MRFF) GNT1170957National Health and Medical Research Council GNT1123859National Health and Medical Research Council GNT1159444National Health and Medical Research Council GNT2017734State Government of Victoria Operational Infrastructure Support Program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe most effective and safe level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during stabilisation at birth of extremely preterm infants is unknown. In observational studies, an initial high PEEP level, then titrated to response (dynamic PEEP strategy), improved clinically relevant outcomes compared with current practice using a static, and lower, PEEP level. The Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Levels during Resuscitation of Preterm Infants at Birth (POLAR) trial will evaluate a novel dynamic PEEP strategy at birth.

methodsIn an international multicentre prospective open-label randomised controlled trial, we will randomise extremely preterm infants who require respiratory support from birth to either dynamic PEEP or a static PEEP. The primary outcomes are death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. The experimental intervention of a dynamic PEEP strategy commences at 8 cmH

trial registrationwww. CLINICALTRIALS: gov , Trial Identifier NCT04372953, Registered 4 May 2020. IMPACT: The most effective and safe level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during stabilisation at birth of extremely preterm infants remains unknown. The international multicentre randomised controlled Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Levels during Resuscitation of Preterm Infants at Birth (POLAR) trial is designed to evaluate a novel dynamic PEEP strategy. The POLAR Trial will compare starting at 8 cmH

Identifiers

PMID42129370

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.