Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42127905›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

Healthful plant-based diet, gut enterotype, and cognition in a rural Chinese elderly cohort: A longitudinal multi-omics study.

Jie Shen, Zhonghan Sun, Huiling Song, Yanni Pu, Peilu Wang, Gulisiya Hailili, Yuhui Huang, Zhendong Mei, Hui Chen, Liyan Huang and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jie ShenSchool of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Zhonghan SunState Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Huiling SongState Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Yanni PuState Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Peilu WangDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Gulisiya HaililiSchool of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Yuhui HuangSchool of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Zhendong MeiDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Hui ChenSchool of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
Liyan HuangSchool of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Changzheng YuanSchool of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: chy478@zju.edu.cn.
Xiaofeng WangState Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. Electronic address: wangxiaofeng@fudan.edu.cn.
Yan ZhengState Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China. Electronic address: yan_zheng@fudan.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gut microbiome may shape how diet influences cognitive aging, but population-based evidence remains limited. In 784 older adults living in rural China (70-98 years old) with fecal metagenomics and structured dietary assessment, a modified healthful plant-based diet index (mHPDI) is associated with distinct gut microbial structure and taxonomic shifts (15 species, 17 genera). Among participants with repeated cognitive measurements, higher mHPDI is associated with better global cognition, with stronger benefits in participants with non-Prevotella-dominant enterotypes (highest versus lowest tertile β = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to 0.52) than in those with a Prevotella-dominant enterotype (0.04, -0.22 to 0.29; p interaction = 0.04). Enterotype-associated differences in microbial metabolic pathways, including preQ0 and L-isoleucine biosynthesis, parallel this heterogeneity. Moreover, 12 circulating microbiota-related metabolites (primarily amino acids and short-chain fatty acids) are linked to mHPDI. A composite score comprising these metabolites mediates 11.0% of the mHPDI-cognition association (p mediation = 0.02), with branched-chain amino acids as major contributors. These findings suggest that gut microbial context may shape diet-cognition associations.

Indexed as

CognitionDiet, Plant-BasedGastrointestinal MicrobiomeAgedAged, 80 and overChinaEast Asian PeopleFecesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMetagenomicsMultiomicsRural Populationcognitive functionenterotypegut microbiomeplant-based dietprecision nutrition

Identifiers

PMID42127905
PMCPMC13293927

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.