ArticlePoultry science2026
Evaluating the process of introducing crossbred chickens by "The African chicken genetic gains project": Implications for livestock uptake in Moshi district, Tanzania.
Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Poultry production is a critical component of rural livelihoods in Tanzania, yet adoption of promoted crossbred chickens has remained uneven. This study analyzed the process of introducing crossbred chickens among smallholder chicken keepers in Moshi District, Kilimanjaro Region, with particular emphasis on agricultural extension pathways. Guided by the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, a cross-sectional mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 260 randomly selected smallholder chicken keepers using a structured questionnaire and qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews with extension officers, local leaders and Tanzania Livestock Research Institute representative. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Results reveal sequential discontinuities across diffusion stages. Awareness and favourable perceptions were high, with over 90% of respondents expressing positive views on productivity, marketability and income potential, yet only 5.7% received pre-adoption training and i was dominated informal sources (69.3%) dominated information channels. Early persuasion was shaped by strong perceived advantages but with limited technical understanding, contributing to inflated expectations. Although 66.3% adopted, adoption intensity remained low (mean 9.8 chickens per household) and mean flock size declined significantly from 38.6 at introduction to 35.1 at survey (p = 0.03). Farmers adjusted flock sizes in response to feed costs, disease risks and weak follow-up support rather than abandoning the innovation. However, these adjustments and stagnation across diffusion stages hindered its stabilization, pointing to failures in the introduction process rather than farmer resistance. Strengthening continuity in training, technical support and institutional coordination is therefore essential for sustained adoption.
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