Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42127193›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

4D printing of hierarchically porous carbon-supported high-entropy ceramic metamaterial for tunable microwave absorption.

Guanghui Feng, Shuo Wang, Amr Osman, Gan Li, Hanyang Yu, Xiyuan Yao, Jia Sun, Qian-Gang Fu, Hejun Li, Jian Lu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Guanghui FengDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2127-9130
Shuo WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5411-7269
Amr OsmanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3675-1992
Gan LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Hanyang YuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0297-7424
Xiyuan YaoShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
Jia SunShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5851-4018
Qian-Gang FuShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
Hejun LiShaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9456-1874
Jian LuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5362-0316

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Broadband-tunable electromagnetic wave absorption materials are critical for dynamic scenarios, such as those in wireless communication and radar systems. However, conventional absorbers are limited by narrow bandwidth and fixed postfabrication geometries. Herein, we propose a four-dimensional (4D)-printed pyramidal metamaterial comprising a hierarchically porous carbon-supported high-entropy ceramic and a shape memory elastomer. By synergizing macroscopic cavity resonances with microscopic defect-induced polarizations, the metamaterial delivers an absorption bandwidth of 14.16 gigahertz (≥90% absorption), representing a 98.88% enhancement over its bulk counterpart. In addition, it enables spatial reconfiguration via a moderate thermal stimulus (120°C), achieving tunable absorption across 5.24 to 18 gigahertz while maintaining reflection loss below -20 decibels (≥99% absorption). The base material's adaptability to complicated configurations is demonstrated by helical, origami-inspired, and load-bearing architectures. This work paves the way for metamaterial absorbers with multiple configurations and shape reversibility, advancing their applications in multispectral and intelligent adaptive systems.

Identifiers

PMID42127193
PMCPMC13170676

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.