Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42126600›Full record

ReviewArchives of microbiology2026

Understanding hemolysin: from bacterial toxin to emerging treatments.

M Bhavadharini, A U Hemamalani, Subha Prakashini Rajinikanth, T Thangam, Krupakar Parthasarathy, V Ramesh Kumar, S M Indumathi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Archives of microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

M BhavadhariniDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
A U HemamalaniCentre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Subha Prakashini RajinikanthCentre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
T ThangamCentre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Krupakar ParthasarathyCentre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
V Ramesh KumarDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
S M IndumathiDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. indumathi.biotech@sathyabama.ac.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0854-0733

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hemolysins are a varied group of bacterial toxins that play a significant role in making microbes more harmful by disrupting host cell membranes and affecting host-pathogen interactions. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria produce hemolysins, which help them acquire nutrients, avoid the immune system, damage tissue, and spread. This review offers a detailed look at bacterial hemolysins, emphasizing their classification, structural differences, and how they work at a molecular level. It discusses the role of hemolysins in how microbes' function and cause disease, as well as their interactions with host cell responses. The review summarizes current methods for detecting and characterizing hemolysins, highlighting progress in both analytical and molecular techniques. Furthermore, it examines recent advancements in targeting hemolysins through strategies that reduce their harmful effects and therapeutic inhibition. By connecting mechanisms with new intervention strategies, this review stresses the significance of hemolysins in microbial biology and their potential as targets for new antimicrobial methods.

Indexed as

BacteriaBacterial ToxinsHemolysin ProteinsAnimalsGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Positive BacteriaHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansVirulenceBacterial ToxinsHemolysin ProteinsAntivirulence strategiesBacterial virulenceHemolysinsHost–pathogen interactionsMembrane disruptionPore-forming toxins

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.