Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42126597›Full record

ArticleArchives of microbiology2026

Exploring ethyl methane sulphonate induced, L-cysteine HCl resistant Bacillus subtilis putative mutant and its immobilization for enhanced acetoin synthesis.

Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Sikander Ali, Noor Ul Ain, Nabeera Shahzadi, Maryam Mustaid, Mahwish Arshad, Sadaf Ahmad, Bakar Bin Khatab Abbasi, Ali Irfan, Yousef A Bin Jardan

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Article in Archives of microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Muhammad Usman AhmadDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. musman.ahmad@gcu.edu.pk.
Sikander AliDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Noor Ul AinDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Nabeera ShahzadiDepartment of Biotechnology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Maryam MustaidDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Mahwish ArshadRoy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA.
Sadaf AhmadDepartment of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230, Denmark.
Bakar Bin Khatab AbbasiDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Ali IrfanThe Green Institute of Chemical, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences (GICBES), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Yousef A Bin JardanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

King Saud University ORF-2026-457
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acetoin is a natural compound and is widely used in various industries such as food, dairy, cosmetics, paint, and pharmaceutical industry. The study aimed to enhance acetoin production through Bacillus subtilis by employing strain selection, mutagenesis, nutritional evaluation, and utilization of cell immobilization for enhanced acetoin production. A strain coded as SFS-13 was isolated from agricultural soil and identified as B. subtilis SFS-13. The acetoin production and glucose-consuming efficiency by wild-type SFS-13 were 8.62 ± 0.04 g/L and 25.33 ± 0.02%, respectively. After chemical mutagenesis of SFS-13 with ethyl methyl sulphonate, 99 putative mutant survivors were picked through the shake flask fermentation selection procedure. The culture conditions and evaluation of medium components were performed by varying one factor at a time. The highest production of acetoin was achieved by the use of beads with a diameter of 3 mm and a quantity of 250, 5 beads per mL, that gave a yield of 0.457 ± 0.01 g/g glucose. Also, the effect of temperature and pH on the production of acetoin was tested, and the most significant yield was found at 37℃ and pH 6, with 45.03 ± 0.11% GCE. The findings provide a structural foundation for the potential industrial-scale production of acetoin and other metabolites, which is relevant in sustainable biotechnological use in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors.

Indexed as

AcetoinBacillus subtilisCysteineEthyl MethanesulfonateCells, ImmobilizedCulture MediaFermentationGlucoseHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMutagenesisMutationSoil MicrobiologyTemperatureAcetoinCulture MediaCysteineEthyl MethanesulfonateGlucoseChemical mutagenesisFermentationImmobilizationIndustrial bioproductsMicrobial biotechnology

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.