ArticleBioresources and bioprocessing2026
Supramolecular encapsulation of indigo with β-cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: a sustainable strategy for enhanced solubility, stability, and reducing agent-free dyeing processes.
Article in Bioresources and bioprocessing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Indigo, a ubiquitous vat dye in denim manufacturing, is characterized by its exceptionally low aqueous solubility, necessitating chemical reduction to its leuco form using hazardous agents such as sodium dithionite. This conventional process yields sulfite, sulfate, and sulfide byproducts, leading to significant environmental and toxicological concerns. To address these limitations, this study synthesized 1:1 molar ratio inclusion complexes of indigo with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to enhance solubility and stability without chemical intervention. The formation of these complexes was rigorously validated through UV-Vis, FT-IR, PXRD, TEM, and
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