Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42125731›Full record

ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2026

Health, economic, and equity impact of a COVID-19 mobile vaccine clinic program in US: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Khanh N C Duong, Damon J A Toth, Danielle T Nguyen, Yue Zhang, Richard E Nelson, Andrew T Pavia, Barbara E Jones, Cindy Wynette, Makoto M Jones, Carl Asche and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Khanh N C DuongDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Damon J A TothDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Danielle T NguyenDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Yue ZhangDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Richard E NelsonDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Andrew T PaviaIDEAS Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Barbara E JonesIDEAS Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Cindy WynetteUtah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Makoto M JonesDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Carl AscheDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Daniel C MaloneDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Matthew H SamoreDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Nathorn ChaiyakunaprukDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Mobile vaccine clinic (MVC) programs represent a significant public health investment, rigorous data on their health, economic, and equity impacts are needed to guide policy for future immunization efforts. We estimated the health and economic outcomes of the State of Utah's 1-year COVID-19 MVC program, stratified by Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations. Methods: We used a decision-analytic model combining a susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model with a decision tree to simulate 3.23 million Utah residents over one year (April 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022). We compared an MVC program scenario with a no-MVC program scenario. Health outcomes included vaccinations, infections, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and deaths. Economic outcomes included direct and total costs (in 2021 US dollars) and return on investment (ROI) from healthcare sector and societal perspectives. All outcomes were stratified by Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations. Findings: In this economic evaluation of 3.23 million Utah residents, the 1-year MVC program vaccinated 29,420 additional people, preventing an estimated 41,503 infections, 923 hospitalizations, 240 ICU admissions, and 253 deaths. The MVC program was cost-saving compared with no MVC program from both healthcare sector (net savings, $51.71 million) and societal (net savings, $71.30 million) perspectives. Every $1 invested in the MVC program yielded $9.70 in societal savings. Prevented adverse outcomes per 100,000 persons were 3.2-6.0 times higher in the Hispanic versus non-Hispanic population. Interpretation: The MVC program was a cost-saving and equity-enhancing public health strategy. These findings support investment in MVC programs for future vaccination campaigns. Funding: This study was funded by cooperative agreement CDC-RFA-FT-23-0069 from the CDC's Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics.

Indexed as

COVID-19Economic evaluationHealth equityImmunization programsPublic healthVaccination

Identifiers

PMID42125731
PMCPMC13158768

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.