ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
PD-L1-armored CD19/CD22 dual-targeted CAR-T cell co-infusion bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation achieves 7-year sustained remission in an adult patient with early relapsed, chemorefractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Antigen escape and PD-L1/PD-1 axis-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the predominant drivers of treatment failure in adult patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). CD19-targeted CAR-T monotherapy has limited ability to overcome these two core resistance mechanisms, and achieving long-term durable remission remains a critical unmet clinical need in adults with high-risk, chemorefractory B-ALL. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective case report of an adult patient with early-relapsed, chemorefractory B-ALL. Two independent CAR-T products were manufactured from the patient's autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): (1) CD19 CAR-T cells containing an anti-CD19 single-chain variable fragment (scFv), a CD28 transmembrane domain, a 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain, and a CD3ζ signaling domain; (2) PD-L1-armored CD22 CAR-T cells containing an anti-CD22 scFv, a CD8 transmembrane domain, a 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain, a CD3ζ signaling domain, and a membrane-tethered anti-PD-L1 scFv for spatially restricted immune checkpoint modulation. The two CAR-T products were co-infused at doses of 5.0×10 Results: The patient achieved minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative complete remission (CR) on day 14 post-infusion, as confirmed by 8-color MFC (detection sensitivity: 0.01%) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangements (limit of detection [LOD]: 10 Conclusions: This case report details the clinical course of an adult patient with early-relapsed, chemorefractory B-ALL who achieved 7-year MRD-negative sustained remission after treatment with PD-L1-armored CD19/CD22 dual-targeted CAR-T cell co-infusion followed by consolidative allo-HSCT. Our preliminary clinical observation demonstrates that this integrated regimen may mitigate antigen escape and immunosuppressive TME-mediated drug resistance, and effectively function as a bridging strategy to allo-HSCT in high-risk patient populations. The 7-year event-free survival (EFS) and sustained disease control observed in this case provide valuable clinical insights for the structural optimization of armored CAR-T constructs and the design of future prospective clinical trials for R/R B-ALL.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.