Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42124718›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Dynamic, single-cell monitoring of CAR T cell identity and activation with Raman spectroscopy.

Ariel Stiber, Boi Quach, Babatunde Ogunlade, Antony Georgiadis, Kai Chang, Yuanwei Li, Patrick Quinn, Haoqing Wang, Kristin C Y Tsui, Charm Ang and 4 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ariel StiberDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8694-1930
Boi QuachDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Babatunde OgunladeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Antony GeorgiadisDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Kai ChangDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Yuanwei LiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Patrick QuinnCenter for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Haoqing WangStanford Cryo-EM Microscopy Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Kristin C Y TsuiDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Charm AngDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Elena SotilloCenter for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Crystal MackallCenter for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Zinaida GoodDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Jennifer A DionneDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Funding

TUMOR SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES IN BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATIONP01CA049605 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI David B. Miklos, Robert S Negrin · 1989 to 2026
$73.3M
Translational Oncology Research Program (Project-005)P30CA124435 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LAURA D ATTARDI · 2007 to 2026
$71.4M
Multimodal AI modeling of T cell therapies to predict patient response and nominate advanced cell design strategiesOT2OD038101 · OD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Olivier Gevaert, Crystal Mackall · 2025 to 2026
$4.2M
Next Generation Immunotherapies for Pediatric CancersR35CA283888 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Crystal Mackall · 2024 to 2026
$2.8M
Learning features of optimal CAR T cells for LBCL from patient dataR00CA293149 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Zinaida Good · 2025 to 2026
$418k
Monitoring CAR T Cell Therapeutic Response and Toxicity with Real-time, Label-free Cell QuantificationR21CA301006 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jennifer A. Dionne · 2025 to 2026
$340k
Learning features of optimal CAR T cells for LBCL from patient dataK99CA293149 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GOOD, ZINAIDA · 2024 to 2024
$171k
NCI NIH HHS K99 CA293149NCI NIH HHS P01 CA049605NCI NIH HHS P30 CA124435NCI NIH HHS R00 CA293149NCI NIH HHS R21 CA301006NCI NIH HHS R35 CA283888NIH HHS OT2 OD038101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have reshaped treatment for cancers and immune-mediated diseases, yet their safety and efficacy depend on both the proliferation of engineered cells and their dynamic functional state - features that remain challenging to monitor in real-time clinical settings. Current methods require labels, extensive processing, and provide only static snapshots of cell identity and activation. Here, we introduce a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and machine learning approach that enables label-free single-cell identification of engineered CAR T cells and time-resolved, semi-continuous monitoring of their functional activation state. Using the intrinsic vibrational signatures from live cells, we detect spectral differences resulting from engineered receptor expression in donor-derived CD19- and GD2-targeted CAR T cells (nine and five donors, respectively) with 81-85% donor-level accuracy and resolve dynamic antigen-specific activation trajectories with temporal precision. These capabilities stem from biochemical signatures consistent with processes such as receptor expression, tonic signalling, and immune synapse formation, demonstrating a single method that reports both cellular identity and activation state with biochemical specificity. Our results extend CAR T cell monitoring beyond static phenotyping and establish the potential of SERS-ML analysis for rapid, point-of-care assessment of engineered immune cells.

Identifiers

PMID42124718
PMCPMC13160088

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.