Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42124479›Full record

ArticleJournal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS2026

Effects of age and APOE ϵ4 genotype on the relationship between pulse pressure and executive function in older adults without dementia.

Melanie L Quiring, Lauren Edwards, Katherine J Bangen, Emily H Ho, Cynthia M Carlsson, Douglas Galasko, Sandra Weintraub, Richard Gershon, David P Salmon

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Melanie L QuiringGerontology, University of Southern California, USA.
Lauren EdwardsPsychology Joint Doctoral Program, University of California, San Diego/San Diego State University, USA.
Katherine J BangenPsychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1363-3179
Emily H HoPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Mesulam Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-3779
Cynthia M CarlssonUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, USA.
Douglas GalaskoNeurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Sandra WeintraubPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Mesulam Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA.
Richard GershonPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Mesulam Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA.
David P SalmonNeurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-4090

Funding

UCSD Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center P30P30AG062429 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DOUGLAS R GALASKO · 2019 to 2026
$34.9M
ARMADA: Advancing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer's Disease and cognitive Aging - Tech CoreU2CAG057441 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GERSHON, RICHARD · 2017 to 2019
$10.8M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062429NIA NIH HHS U2C AG057441
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPulse pressure (PP) calculated as systolic minus diastolic blood pressure is a surrogate measure of arterial stiffness that may affect executive function; however, this relationship could be moderated by age and genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore examined relationships among PP, age, AD risk (i.e., APOE genotype) and executive function measured by the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in older adults.

methodsPP was determined in 216 older adults without dementia (mean age: 77.5 ± 7.9 years, education: 16.8 ± 2.4 years, 55% women, 34.8% APOE ϵ4+) who were tested with the NIHTB-CB as part of the Advancing Reliable Measurement of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Aging (ARMADA) study.

resultsMultiple linear regression revealed PP × Age × APOE genotype interaction effects for List Sorting Working Memory (

conclusionsArterial stiffness measured by PP in older adults is associated with worse performance on NIHTB-CB tests of executive function, working memory, and episodic sequence memory, particularly in younger APOE ϵ4 carriers. Arterial stiffness and AD risk may work synergistically in an age dependent manner to adversely affect cognition.

Indexed as

AgingApolipoprotein E4Blood PressureExecutive FunctionAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleGenotypeHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsApolipoprotein E4Agingarterial stiffnessblood pressurecognitionexecutive functionvascular disease

Identifiers

PMID42124479
PMCPMC13175078

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.