[Neuroregulatory Mechanisms of Lung Cancer Progression and Clinical Treatment 
Challenges from the Perspective of Cancer Neuroscience].

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. A highly complex bidirectional regulatory relationship exists between lung cancer progression and the nervous system. The nervous system is believed to play a pivotal regulatory role in the genesis of lung cancer. It is involved in regulating malignant biological behaviors such as proliferation, local invasion, and distant metastasis of lung cancer cells via core mediating pathways involving neurons, neurotransmitters, and neuroactive molecules. At the same time, lung cancer itself and related therapeutic interventions are capable of inducing reverse structural and functional reprogramming within the nervous system. The emergence of cancer neuroscience as a novel interdisciplinary field offers a new perspective to overcome the current bottlenecks in lung cancer treatment, yet it also faces numerous theoretical and clinical challenges that urgently require resolution. This article systematically reviews the intricate relationship between the nervous system and lung cancer progression, focusing on the potential effects and molecular mechanisms of clinical strategies including local therapies, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy on the nervous system, with the aim of clarifying research opportunities and key challenges in this field and providing a theoretical foundation and practical reference for optimizing the precision treatment system of lung cancer and improving clinical efficacy.
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