The Role of γ-Polyglutamic Acid, Superphosphate, and Smectite-Silica Clay Additives in Stabilizing Organic Matter, Reducing the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals, and Limiting the Ecotoxicity of Composts Made from Poultry Litter and Biochar.

Krzysztof Gondek, Agnieszka Baran, Michał Kopeć, Piotr Micek, Iwona Spałek

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Biochar-Clay-Compost Composite Materials for Sustainable Soil Management: Effects on Soil Biochemical Activity, Pore Architecture, and Water Retention.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Krzysztof GondekDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8721-8234

Agnieszka BaranDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4697-2959

Michał KopećDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9992-7695

Piotr MicekDepartment of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

Iwona SpałekDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A mixture of poultry litter (PL) and biochar (BC) was composted over 120 days in a bioreactor. To assess the impact on the stability of organic matter, the bioavailability of heavy metals, and ecotoxicity, the PL+BC biomass was supplemented with 0.5% (

Indexed as

compostsecotoxicityhumic compoundsmetal mobilitypolyglutamic acidsmectite-silica claysuperphosphate

Identifiers

PMID42124194

DOI10.3390/ma19091788

PMCPMC13164886

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.