ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Performance Analysis of Cold-Mixed Integrated Semi-Flexible Pavement Mixtures.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
To address the issues of high energy consumption and unstable construction quality caused by high-temperature heating during the preparation of traditional hot-mixed/grouted semi-flexible pavement (SFP) mixtures, a cold-mixed integrated (CMI) process was proposed. In addition, the material composition of the mixtures was optimized. The effects of the preparation process and binder type on the high- and low-temperature performance, water stability, and fatigue performance were then analyzed. Furthermore, the microstructural characteristics of the semi-flexible mixture were also investigated. The results indicated that the CMI process facilitated the formation and uniform distribution of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), enhanced the binder's ability to encapsulate aggregates and fill skeletal voids, significantly reduced the mixture's void ratio, and improved its pavement performance. The proposed procedure was a means of enhancing high-temperature stability and fatigue life (an increase of 80% and 200 times compared to the hot-mixed/grouted (HMG) process, and 5 times and 300 times compared to AC-13, respectively). Compared with the HMG process, the CMI process offered greater advantages in enhancing the high-temperature stability and fatigue resistance of the mixture, particularly when using SBS-modified asphalt, where fatigue performance exhibited an order-of-magnitude improvement. Furthermore, while SBS modification could improve the road performance of SFP materials, mixtures prepared with SBS-modified emulsified asphalt demonstrated more significant enhancements in high-temperature stability and fatigue resistance, approximately 2 times and 10 times higher than SBS-modified mixtures, respectively. The addition of styrene-acrylic emulsion (SAE) could further enhance the low-temperature crack resistance by approximately 7%. The research results can provide a reference for the development and application of preparation processes for semi-flexible mixtures.
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