ArticleNutrients2026
Association of Early Feeding Practices with Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants During the First 12 Months: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are highly prevalent among infants. Exclusive breastfeeding has been consistently associated with better gastrointestinal health. However, current evidence regarding the associations between early feeding practices and infant gastrointestinal development remains limited.
objectivesTo examine the associations between early feeding practices at 1 month of age and gastrointestinal symptoms and overall gastrointestinal burden in infants during the first 12 months of life.
methodsIn this multicenter prospective cohort study, 669 healthy mother-infant pairs were finally included. According to feeding practices at 1 month of age, infants were categorized into three groups: exclusive direct breastfeeding (EDB,
resultsInfants in the EDB group had the lowest incidence of GI symptoms and lower IGSQ scores throughout the follow-up period. Compared with EDB, the MF group showed higher IGSQ scores (β = 0.95,
conclusionsThe EDB is the optimal strategy for infant gastrointestinal health and should be prioritized. The MF is robustly associated with increased odds of constipation, vomiting, swallowing difficulty, and overall gastrointestinal burden. The EBB may slightly increase the odds of bloating, which can be mitigated by paced feeding and adequate burping.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.