Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42123979›Full record

ReviewNutrients2026

Spore-Forming Probiotics and Their Mechanisms of Action: A Particular Focus on

Diletta Mazzantini, Emilia Ghelardi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Diletta MazzantiniDepartment of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7747-8200
Emilia GhelardiDepartment of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6863-1384

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gut microbiota play crucial roles in host health, including immune regulation, metabolism, and nutrient absorption. Its dysregulation has been linked to various diseases. When administered in sufficient amounts, probiotics can contribute to restoring the gut microbial balance and maintain homeostasis. Species of the genus

Indexed as

BacillaceaeProbioticsSpores, BacterialAnimalsGastrointestinal TractHumansgut microbiotahuman diseasesprobioticsspore-formers

Identifiers

PMID42123979
PMCPMC13165010

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.