ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Sugar-Based Eutectic Systems Combined with Cyclodextrins for Enhanced Solubility of Carvedilol.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
(1) Background: Carvedilol is a poorly water-soluble drug, which limits its therapeutic performance. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) and cyclodextrins (CD) are emerging solubilizing agents that can improve drug bioavailability. (2) Methods: Twenty-one DES were prepared using choline chloride and polyols or sugars (xylitol, sorbitol, glucose, and fructose) at different molar ratios with water. α and β cyclodextrins (CD) were added (0.5-2 mM) using two incorporation strategies: (Method 1) addition to the aqueous phase before DES formation; (Method 2) direct addition to the preformed DES. (3) Results: Carvedilol solubility markedly increased with DES-CD combinations. In Method 1, xylitol-based DES provided up to a 16-fold enhancement, especially with β-CD at low concentrations, while glucose and sorbitol systems showed modest effects. Fructose-based mixtures improved mainly at a 2:1:35 ratio without CDs. In Method 2, α-CD with xylitol or sorbitol yielded the highest increases (up to 38.9-fold). (4) Conclusions: The solubilization efficiency depends on DES composition, CD type, and concentration. α-CD combined with xylitol-based DES showed the best results, highlighting this approach as a promising strategy to enhance carvedilol solubility for pharmaceutical applications.
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