ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Polysaccharide Extracted from Longan (
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Adjuvants, which enhance the effectiveness of antigens, are essential for vaccines against infectious or malignant diseases. Currently, the development of adjuvants encounters challenges as highly effective adjuvants tend to be highly toxic, whereas those with lower toxicity often lack efficacy. Polysaccharides have unique advantages as adjuvants due to their multiple immunomodulatory activities and favorable safety profiles. In this study, longan polysaccharide (LP) was characterized physicochemically and identified as an effective adjuvant. LP, consisting of 96.44% glucose, was mainly linked by the α-1,6-glycosidic bond. In vitro experiments revealed that LP could induce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL12, and IL1β) and expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. More importantly, LP could promote antigen cross-presentation when formulated with a model antigen-ovalbumin (OVA). In vivo experiments indicated that the LP+OVA formulation could boost both humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized C57BL/6J mice. The histopathological evaluation of the major organs showed that LP+OVA was non-toxic. Therefore, our findings suggested that LP is an effective and safe adjuvant for vaccine development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.