ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Networked Pathological Mechanisms of Central Sympathetic Nervous System Regulation in Heart Failure and Novel Paradigms for Targeted Intervention.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a prominent contributor linked to heart failure (HF) progression. Pathological remodeling of the central nervous system represents a plausible upstream event associated with central sympathetic hyperactivity, whereas dysfunction of the brain-heart axis may act as a pivotal hub involved in this pathological process. This review systematically summarizes the functional characteristics of major sympathetic regulatory nuclei under HF, including the subfornical organ (SFO), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Following the pathological logic from upstream initiation to inter-organ closed-loop responses, seven interconnected pathological mechanisms are analyzed: glial cell activation and neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance, abnormal signaling pathways and transcription factors, impaired neuronal microenvironment homeostasis, dysregulated post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, and extracellular vesicle-mediated inter-organ signal transmission. Their cross-regulation and positive feedback amplification effects are highlighted. Multidimensional central-targeted intervention strategies established on this basis possess important fundamental significance and translational potential. This review also discusses current scientific challenges and prospects for interdisciplinary frontiers, providing theoretical references and practical insights for central regulation research in HF and its precise clinical translation.
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