Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42123477›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Clinical and Mechanistic Evidence for Comano Thermal Water: A Narrative Review.

Ermanno Baldo, Damiano Abeni, Giovanni Agostini, Ubaldo Armato, Paolo Bauer, Anna Belloni Fortina, Anna Calza, Elisa Cervadoro, Anna Chiarini, Giorgio Ciprandi and 20 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Ermanno BaldoG.B. Mattei Institute for Research in Medical Hydrology and Thermal Medicine, 40138 Trento, Italy.
Damiano AbeniIDI-IRCCS Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, 00167 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0167-7617
Giovanni AgostiniSchool of Specialisation in Medical Hydrology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Ubaldo ArmatoSection of Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona, 37137 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7804-6143
Paolo BauerIndependent Dermatologist, 38100 Trento, Italy.
Anna Belloni FortinaDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5791-0775
Anna CalzaAzienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), 38123 Trento, Italy.
Elisa CervadoroDermatology and Melanoma Unit (Unità Operativa Complessa-UOC), Ospedale Civile di Livorno, 57124 Livorno, Italy.
Anna ChiariniSection of Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona, 37137 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6974-7685
Giorgio CiprandiDepartment of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7016-8421
Ilaria Dal PràSection of Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona, 37137 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5523-4910
Angela FagaAdvanced Technologies for Regenerative Medicine and Inductive Surgery Interdepartmental Research Center T.A.Me.Ri.C.I., University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6467-5512
Stefania FarinaComano Thermal Spa Consortium, 38070 Trento, Italy.
Davide GeatDermatology Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
Mattia GiovanniniAllergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9568-6882
Giampiero GirolomoniSection of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8548-0493
Paolo GisondiSection of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1777-9001
Olivier JoussonDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3344-7194
Serena ManaraLaboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6371-528X
Eugenio MiraFondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Giovanni NicolettiAdvanced Technologies for Regenerative Medicine and Inductive Surgery Interdepartmental Research Center T.A.Me.Ri.C.I., University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1507-4067
Calogero PagliarelloDivision of Dermatology, ASUIT (Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino), 38123 Trento, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7169-4829
Renato PedronDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy.
Anna PeroniDermatology Clinic, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy.
Vittoria RizzoDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Nicola SegataLaboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy.
Glenda TettamantiASST (Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale) of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Mauro ZanoniComano Thermal Spa Consortium, 38070 Trento, Italy.
Giuseppe ZumianiIndependent Dermatologist, 38122 Trento, Italy.
Mario CristofoliniG.B. Mattei Institute for Research in Medical Hydrology and Thermal Medicine, 40138 Trento, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Comano thermal water (CTW) is a hypotonic, bicarbonate-calcium-magnesium mineral water traditionally used to manage chronic inflammatory and relapsing skin diseases. This review summarises and discusses the available clinical, experimental, and translational evidence on CTW, with a particular focus on dermatological indications. The physicochemical properties of CTW, along with the presence of a stable, non-pathogenic microbial community, are examined in relation to their potential biological activity. Clinical studies indicate that CTW-based balneotherapy, alone or in combination with narrowband Ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy, is associated with improvements in disease severity, symptom burden, and quality of life in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and has a favourable safety and tolerability profile. Experimental data further suggest that CTW may exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, modulate keratinocyte function, support skin barrier restoration, and influence the cutaneous microenvironment, including microbiome-related pathways. The review also outlines emerging evidence for CTW in skin regeneration and in upper airway inflammatory conditions treated via inhalation-based approaches. Overall, this review suggests that CTW may serve as a biologically active therapeutic resource, warranting further investigation as a complementary approach within integrative management strategies for inflammatory and barrier-related conditions.

Indexed as

BalneologyMineral WatersSkin DiseasesAnimalsDermatitis, AtopicHumansPsoriasisSkinSkin MicrobiomeMineral Watersatopic dermatitisbalneotherapyComano thermal waterimmunomodulationmicrobiomephotobalneotherapypsoriasisskin barrierskin inflammation

Identifiers

PMID42123477
PMCPMC13163784

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.