Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42123450›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Tracing Genetic Images Formed During Evolution.

Andrzej Kasperski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Andrzej KasperskiLaboratory of Bioinformatics and Control of Bioprocesses, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, University of Zielona Góra, ul. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2590-6688

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This work introduces an approach to evolutionary analysis in which information encoded in amino-acid sequences is converted into a specific type of image, termed a genetic image. Genetic images derived from the amino-acid sequences of cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I are shown to be suitable for identifying evolutionary similarities between organisms. Furthermore, artificial neural networks are demonstrated to recognize these genetic images, enabling identification of species evolution. The results indicate the similarity of the genetic images of organisms belonging to species that emerged earlier during Earth's evolutionary history to the genetic images of organisms belonging to species that emerged later. This finding indicates that genetic images are inherited and undergo gradual modification during evolutionary processes. The phenomenon of inheritance and modification of genetic images suggests that evolution tends to change the already existing functionalities of organisms, which allows for the ordering of organisms belonging to different species from ancient forms, through species that appeared successively during evolution, to those belonging to species that have developed more recently, up to

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionCytochromes bElectron Transport Complex IVEvolution, MolecularAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsHumansNeural Networks, ComputerPhylogenyCytochromes bElectron Transport Complex IVartificial neural networkevolutiongenetic imageslayered model of the evolution of cellular functionalitiesorganism developmenttransitiontransversionunified cell bioenergetics

Identifiers

PMID42123450
PMCPMC13163656

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.