In Silico Study of Anti-CD40 DNA Aptamers as Vaccine Adjuvants for Chickens.

We performed a protein-docking study for eight DNA aptamers (SEQ1-SEQ8) against chicken Cluster of Differentiation 40 (chCD40), which were experimentally identified via SELEX in our previous study. In silico and molecular docking analyses were performed to predict and obtain the secondary and tertiary structures of the aptamers. Aptamers SEQ3 and SEQ4, which showed the best inhibitory effects, were selected and utilized to produce a DNA-based vaccine adjuvant using rolling circle amplification (RCA). These aptamers had been previously characterized via mass spectroscopy to determine their molecular weight and regions that could potentially interact with chCD40. In the present study, these results were corroborated and expanded. A series of free software methods, including Mfold v.1.0, 3dADN v.2.0, ClusPro v.2.0, Hdock v.1.0, and PLIP v.1.0, were used to determine the aptamers' secondary and tertiary structures and docking interactions, as well as the specific residues involved in the interactions and their distances. The structures were used to explain and thus understand their effect on the binding, selectivity, and stability of the aptamers. The main objective of the study was to determine whether these aptamers could be used as vaccine adjuvants against viral and bacterial pathogens, specifically chicken avian influenza. The docking results were in good agreement with the experimental and biological results. The procedure employed in this study could be an easy and effective tool for exploring the potential of the new technology of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) in the preparation of aptamers to control viral and bacterial infections as well as diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's.