Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42122667›Full record

ArticlePolymers2026

Research on Shape Memory Properties of PETG Based on 4D-Printed Negative Poisson's Ratio Structures.

Zepeng Liu, Shaogang Liu, Bai Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Zepeng LiuCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.ORCID 0009-0008-8253-0844
Shaogang LiuKey Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-Line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8392-9426
Bai ChenCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This research systematically investigates the shape memory properties of re-entrant hexagonal negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) honeycomb structures fabricated via 4D printing, using polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and polylactic acid (PLA) as comparative materials. Periodic honeycomb models with varied wall thicknesses and structural unit angles were designed, and their effects on shape recovery time and recovery rate were examined. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize key process parameters, including the wall thickness, structural unit angle, and mold pressing angle. The results demonstrate that PETG exhibits significantly superior shape memory performance compared to PLA, characterized by a shorter recovery time and higher recovery rate under thermal stimulation. Through RSM optimization, the optimal parameter combination was identified as a wall thickness of 0.5 mm, a structural unit angle of 65°, and a mold pressing angle of 135°, which was subsequently validated experimentally, demonstrating a high degree of consistency between predicted and actual outcomes. This study not only clarifies the influence of the structural parameters on the shape memory behavior of NPR honeycomb systems but also provides parameter guidance and a practical experimental basis for the application of PETG in 4D-printed intelligent structures, with potential implications for soft robotics, aerospace, and biomedical devices.

Indexed as

4D printingnegative Poisson’s ratio structurePETGresponse surface methodologyshape memory performance

Identifiers

PMID42122667
PMCPMC13164948

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.