Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42122642›Full record

ArticlePolymers2026

Flunarizine-Loaded Hydrogels: A Novel Formulation and Physicochemical Characterization.

Camelia Daniela Ionaș, Dorinel Okolišan, Camelia Epuran, Ion Frățilescu, Gabriela Vlase, Alexandru Pahomi, Raul Ștefan-Pantiș, Mihaela Maria Budiul, Mădălina Grădinaru, Titus Vlase

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Camelia Daniela IonașResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0009-0003-3546-5684
Dorinel OkolišanResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0009-0009-4269-4390
Camelia EpuranResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.
Ion FrățilescuResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0003-3556-3957
Gabriela VlaseResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-1307-7010
Alexandru PahomiResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-0324-1163
Raul Ștefan-PantișResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.
Mihaela Maria BudiulResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-0958-4992
Mădălina GrădinaruResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0001-8313-5055
Titus VlaseResearch Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems/ICAM-Advanced Environmental Research Institute, West University of Timisoara, Oituz Street 4, 300233 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-7480-7486

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flunarizine is a calcium channel blocker widely used in neurological disorders; however, its low aqueous solubility may influence formulation stability and drug dispersion in polymer-based systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of flunarizine with selected excipients and to investigate its incorporation into polymeric hydrogel matrices. Binary mixtures of flunarizine with excipients such as hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), Tween 20, gelatin, and citric acid were prepared and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The FTIR spectra of the analyzed samples do not reveal the appearance of new absorption bands that may indicate chemical interactions; instead, minor spectral variations were observed due to weak intermolecular interactions within the polymer network. Thermal analysis revealed decomposition patterns consistent with those of the individual components, suggesting the absence of significant incompatibilities. A validated RP-HPLC method enabled sensitive and reliable quantification of flunarizine in the analyzed systems, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 µg/mL and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.16 µg/mL. Accuracy testing showed average recovery rates of 100% across 80-120% spiking levels. Overall, the results support the compatibility of flunarizine with the investigated excipients and the suitability of the studied hydrogels as potential drug delivery matrices.

Indexed as

flunarizineFTIRHPLChydrogelsthermal analysis

Identifiers

PMID42122642
PMCPMC13164590

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.