Lightweight Detection and Adaptive Path Planning for Selective Hotan Rose Harvesting.

Selective harvesting of Hotan roses requires distinguishing between buds and blooms for different industrial uses. However, balancing detection accuracy and computational efficiency for edge deployment remains a challenge. This study proposes an integrated framework combining a lightweight detection model, Rose_YOLO, with an adaptive path-planning algorithm, the ROSE algorithm, to address these issues. The Rose_YOLO model optimizes the YOLOv8n architecture by incorporating the C2f-Faster-CGLU module and a Rose_Head detection head to enhance feature extraction while reducing redundancy. The ROSE algorithm integrates an improved genetic algorithm (GA) with a reciprocating search mechanism to dynamically optimize picking sequences based on scene complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that Rose_YOLO achieves a precision of 90.4% and a mAP@0.5 of 96.6% for blooms and a precision of 88.4% with a mAP@0.5 of 91.7% for buds. Compared to the baseline YOLOv8n, the model reduces parameters by 47.46% to 1.579 million, compresses the size to 3.19 MB, and lowers computational complexity to 4.6 GFLOPs. For path planning, the ROSE algorithm generates optimal paths with an average length of 2796.94 pixels, which is 73.1% shorter than the reciprocating algorithm and 51.6% shorter than the standard GA. Furthermore, it achieves an average runtime of only 7.33 ms, significantly outperforming traditional methods with respect to computational speed. In conclusion, the proposed framework achieves a superior balance between lightweight design and detection performance. The successful deployment on edge devices validates its effectiveness in providing real-time visual guidance and efficient path planning, offering a robust technical solution for the automated selective harvesting of roses in complex field environments.