Multi-Chaotic HEOA for Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Search: Brain Tumor Classification on FPGA.

Automated brain tumor classification from MRI scans requires optimized CNN architectures deployable on embedded FPGA platforms. This paper presents an integrated approach combining the Multi-Chaotic Enhanced HEOA (MC-HEOA) for automatic CNN architecture discovery with deployment validation on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 FPGA. A CEC2023 benchmark across 10 test functions evaluates 6 chaotic maps and selects the Tent map as the optimal diversity generator. The NAS search space spans a massive combinatorial space of 1.31 × 1016 configurations encoding architectural choices (layers, convolutions, channels, pooling) under a strict constraint of fewer than one million parameters for FPGA compatibility. The optimal discovered architecture, trained and evaluated using single-channel grayscale input (224 × 224 × 1)-the natural representation for intrinsically monochromatic MRI data- achieves 91.33% test accuracy and 92.44% validation accuracy with 724,200 parameters on the 4-class Brain Tumor MRI dataset (glioma, meningioma, pituitary, no tumor). HLS synthesis on the Zynq-7000 (xc7z020clg484-1) validates embedded deployment feasibility, with DSP utilization of 16%, LUT utilization of 57%, FF utilization of 28%, and an inference latency of 374 ms at 100 MHz. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of MC-HEOA for discovering compact, high-performing CNN architectures compatible with FPGA deployment, opening new perspectives for real-time embedded medical diagnosis.