Multi-Path Interference Challenges and Suggested Solution for Correlation-Assisted Direct Time-of-Flight.

Ayman Morsy, David Blinder, Maarten Kuijk

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ayman MorsyDepartment of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-1622-6317

David BlinderDepartment of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-7054-0203

Maarten KuijkDepartment of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-2260-8960

Funding

Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 12ZQ223NJapan Society International research fellow P22752Vrije Universiteit Brussel project SRP78

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The correlation-assisted direct time-of-flight (CA-dToF) pixel offers a promising approach for low-power consumption, ambient light robustness, and high-resolution depth sensing. However, as with other time-of-flight systems based on global phase estimation, its reliability is compromised by multi-path interference (MPI) of the emitted light, leading to depth estimation errors. In this work, the impact of MPI on CA-dToF pixel performance is systematically analyzed. Furthermore, a multi-frequency modulation algorithm is proposed to mitigate MPI effects. The proposed method improves depth accuracy and enhances the overall reliability of the CA-dToF system.

Indexed as

depth sensinglight detection and ranging (LiDAR)multi-path interferenceresolving algorithmsingle-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)time of flight (ToF)

Identifiers

PMID42122419

DOI10.3390/s26092697

PMCPMC13166012

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.