ReviewCells2026
Hapten-Based Cancer Immunotherapy: From Immune Activation to Antitumor Activity.
Review in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hapten-based immunotherapies represent a promising strategy to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor antigens and promote antitumor immune responses. Chemical conjugation of small haptens to antigens generates novel antigenic determinants that increase immune recognition. Mechanistic studies indicate that haptenation enhances antigen uptake, dendritic cell maturation, and the activation of both cellular and humoral immunity. In preclinical models, hapten-modified antigens induce robust immune activation, tumor regression, and durable immune memory. Clinically, dinitrophenyl-modified autologous tumor cell vaccines elicit delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and clonal T-cell expansion, with evidence of clinical activity and a favorable safety profile. However, their clinical benefit remains to be confirmed in larger, randomized studies. Emerging strategies include in situ haptenation and bihaptenized or stressed hapten-modified allogeneic platforms, which aim to expand epitope diversity and enhance immune priming. Hapten-based immunotherapies offer a clinically feasible approach to converting poorly immunogenic tumors into effective immune targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.