ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Large-Scale Comparative Genomics of European and Chinese Cattle Breeds Reveals Population Structure, Breeding History, and Adaptive Divergence.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Modern cattle comprise two major evolutionary lineages: intensively selected commercial breeds and locally adapted native populations. To investigate their genomic divergence, we performed a comparative population genomic analysis by integrating whole-genome resequencing (WGS) data from multiple representative native breeds and major European commercial breeds. Population genetic analyses showed clear phylogenetic separation between the two groups, with distinct patterns of genetic diversity. Chinese native cattle exhibited generally higher nucleotide diversity (π), lower inbreeding levels, and geographically structured admixed ancestry. Comparative analyses of selection signatures identified 886 candidate selected genes in European commercial breeds, which were primarily enriched in pathways related to production traits, including protein turnover, reproductive regulation, lipid metabolism, and neuro-regulation. In contrast, 50 candidate selected genes in Chinese native cattle were significantly enriched in nervous system functions, particularly ligand-gated ion channel activity and chloride transport (e.g.,
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