ReviewHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Respiratory Viral Co-Infections in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Impact and Implications for Healthcare Practice-A Narrative Review.
Review in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Epidemiology, temporal trends and co-infection of 13 respiratory pathogens in 32,125 children: a 3-year retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory viral infections remain a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in children. The increased use of multiplex molecular assays has improved the detection of simultaneous viral pathogens, raising questions about the clinical relevance of pediatric viral co-infections.
objectiveThe aim of this study is to synthesize recent evidence on respiratory viral co-infections in children, focusing on clinical severity, healthcare burden, mechanisms, and interpretation of multiplex detections.
methodsThis narrative review included studies published between 1 January 2022 and 30 September 2025, identified through PubMed and Web of Science. Eligible studies involved children and adolescents (0-18 years) with laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral co-infections, mainly detected by multiplex PCR. Evidence was synthesized qualitatively across severity, neutral or inconsistent impact, viral interference, and post-acute implications.
resultsForty-five studies were included. The most frequently reported viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Clinical impact was heterogeneous and depended more on specific viral pairings and host factors than on the number of detected viruses. RSV-containing combinations, particularly with HMPV, adenovirus, or rhinovirus, were more often linked to increased respiratory burden, whereas some rhinovirus-associated combinations appeared compatible with viral interference.
conclusionsPediatric respiratory viral co-infection is clinically relevant but context-dependent. Multiplex results should be interpreted together with clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.