Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42121239›Full record

ArticleImplementation science : IS2026

Making process evaluations more explanatory - key opportunities to advance implementation research.

Michel Wensing, Elvin H Geng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Implementation science : IS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Michel WensingDepartment of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. michel.wensing@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Elvin H GengCenter for Dissemination and Implementation and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Process evaluation of implementation strategies is increasingly common, but a review by Bracci et al. showed that room for improvement exists. In this contribution, we complement their recommendations by ideas on the design of process evaluations. Process evaluations are meant to provide explanations for why implementation strategies were effective, or not effective. Therefore, they are best guided by theory or frameworks, but the frequent focus on intervention acceptability reflects a lack of imagination on moderators and mediators that influence outcomes. Intervention fidelity is relevant in all process evaluations. Meaningful synthesis of process evaluation studies requires a homogeneous outcome, such as uptake of practices.

Indexed as

Implementation ScienceProcess Assessment, Health CareHumansResearch Design

Identifiers

PMID42121239
PMCPMC13162511

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.