Deep convolutional models for robust multi-crop disease recognition in real-world conditions.

Crop diseases significantly reduce agricultural output and are a serious problem, especially in the parts of the world where diagnostic experts are not readily available. Deep learning has recently shown us that it is possible for a computer to identify plant diseases directly from images of the leaves. Nevertheless, to make such solutions available on the web or mobile devices one has to really think about how heavy the calculations will be, how easy the user interface should be, and also the limit on the data used. Here is a paper on a web-based applied deep learning system for disease detection in multiple crops. The system detects disease in eight crops Apple, Banana, Grape, Mango, Cauliflower, Tomato, Potato, and Corn with each crop having several disease classes and healthy samples. Three transfer-learning-based CNN architectures MobileNetV3, EfficientNetB4, and ResNet50 were compared for classification performance on the public datasets collected from PlantVillage, Kaggle, and Mendeley. Considering class-wise accuracy, prediction time, and deployment scenarios, MobileNetV3 was picked as the main model to be integrated into the system. To compensate for the differences in image quality often found in pictures taken by users, an optional super-resolution preprocessing step with Real-ESRGAN is added and quantitatively assessed. Disease prediction with spectral activation maps (Grad-CAM) enhances the model's interpretability by highlighting image areas where the disease is detected. The resulting model is embedded in a multilingual Progressive Web Application (PWA). The platform enables users to submit their crop images and receive predicted disease names and treatment options, which are generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) using structured disease metadata. The research acknowledges dataset bias and limitations in extrapolating from curated datasets to the general real-world setting although it reports very good performance of the method on the test sets. In summary, the system proposed here is intended as a practical digital agriculture decision-support tool that demonstrates deployment feasibility and raises a few issues for future validation at the field level and improvement.