Observational studyScientific reports2026
Spatial accessibility to healthcare and wide-area evacuation following the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake: a GIS-based cross-sectional study.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Wide-area evacuation beyond disaster-affected regions can disrupt continuity of healthcare and increase health risks, particularly for older adults and individuals requiring long-term care. However, the community-level factors associated with such evacuation remain poorly understood. This retrospective observational study examined community-level characteristics associated with wide-area evacuation following the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake in Japan. Aggregated and anonymized human mobility data at the 250-m mesh level were used to identify population displacement outside the affected region during January 2024. Explanatory variables included demographic characteristics, spatial accessibility indicators (distance to evacuation shelters and healthcare-related facilities), and measures of earthquake-related damage. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate independent associations with wide-area evacuation. Among 375 analyzed meshes, wide-area evacuation occurred in 27 (7.2%). Greater distance to evacuation shelters, shelters with dispatched nurses, hospitals, and home-visit nursing care offices were independently associated with wide-area evacuation, whereas demographic characteristics, including population aging and estimated prevalence of long-term care needs, were not. Residential building damage was also not independently associated. These findings indicate that spatial accessibility to essential services, rather than demographic vulnerability alone, plays a key role in shaping evacuation patterns, highlighting the importance of incorporating structural accessibility into disaster preparedness and response planning.
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