ArticleSchizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)2026
Abnormalities in nitric oxide synthase system function and their association with cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia patients.
Article in Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, emerging early and strongly influencing functional outcomes. However, the role of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system and cognitive function, we studied 98 first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients and 96 matched healthy controls. Plasma levels of inducible NOS (iNOS), total NOS (TNOS), the iNOS/TNOS ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were measured. Psychopathological symptoms and cognitive performance were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively. Group differences and associations among NOS markers, cognitive domains, and symptom severity were examined. Patients exhibited marked NOS system dysfunction, characterized by reduced iNOS and TNOS levels, a lower iNOS/TNOS ratio, elevated MDA levels, and reduced H₂O₂ concentrations. TNOS levels were positively associated with RBANS total score and multiple cognitive domains, independent of PANSS total score, whereas iNOS levels were associated only with immediate memory. The iNOS/TNOS ratio showed no independent association with cognition. In addition, TNOS levels were correlated with PANSS total score, suggesting that overall NOS function reflects disease burden. These findings indicate that early schizophrenia is characterized by NOS system dysfunction. Overall NOS activity, rather than relative NOS subtype expression, is closely linked to multidimensional cognitive impairment and is partly independent of symptom severity.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.