Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42120365›Full record

ReviewCell death discovery2026

Epitranscriptomic control of cancer: the emerging roles of m⁵C and ac⁴C RNA modifications.

Xian Zhong, Jianmei Mao, Jiawei Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cell death discovery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xian Zhong *Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. zhongxian@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-5531
Jianmei Mao *Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Jiawei ZhangCancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. jwzhang@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China (Ministry of Health of China) WKZX2024CX101204
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cytidine RNA modifications have emerged as key regulators of tumor cancer biology, linking transcriptional control to metabolic adaptation and immune evasion. Among them, 5-methylcytidine (m⁵C) and N⁴-acetylcytidine (ac⁴C) represent dynamic and functionally complementary epitranscriptomic marks that operate through distinct regulatory layers. m⁵C, catalyzed by the NSUN family methyltransferases, primarily stabilizes pro-tumorigenic transcripts, enhances glycolysis, and suppresses antitumor immunity through modulation of cytokine and checkpoint pathways. In parallel, ac⁴C, mediated by the acetyltransferase NAT10, fine-tunes translational efficiency and proteostasis, enabling tumor cells to adapt to metabolic and therapeutic stress. Together, these modifications cooperatively remodel the tumor immune microenvironment by driving macrophage polarization, T-cell exhaustion, and attenuation of interferon signaling, establishing a durable immunosuppressive niche. Notably, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of m⁵C- and ac⁴C-modifying enzymes reverses malignant phenotypes and restores sensitivity to immune checkpoint and metabolic therapies. Elucidating this two-layer cytidine epitranscriptomic architecture unveils new epigenetic dimensions of tumor plasticity and offers promising avenues for precision RNA-targeted oncology.

Identifiers

PMID42120365
PMCPMC13338289

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.