ArticleThe clinical respiratory journal2026
Epidemiological Characteristics and Co-Detection Patterns of Rhinovirus (A/B/C) and Influenza A Virus in a Regional Respiratory Cohort in Hunan, China.
Article in The clinical respiratory journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo characterize the epidemiological profile, coinfection spectrum, and virus-virus association patterns between rhinovirus (RV; A/B/C) and influenza A virus (IAV).
methodsWe analyzed 8928 respiratory samples collected from April 2023 to December 2025. A quality-controlled RV analytic cohort (n = 386) and an IAV-positive cohort (n = 422) were used for subtype distribution, coinfection profiling, and observed-versus-expected co-occurrence analysis. Associations were evaluated with Fisher's exact test or chi-square test, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsIn the RV cohort, subtype A was dominant (235/386, 60.9%), followed by C (118/386, 30.6%) and B (33/386, 8.5%); mixed subtypes accounted for 1.6% (6/386). Coinfection was common (282/386, 73.1%), and IAV was detected in 14/386 RV-positive samples. Co-occurrence analysis showed lower-than-expected overlap for IAV-RV A (0.23% vs. 0.40%), IAV-RV B (0.029% vs. 0.099%), and IAV-RV A/B/C overall (0.390% vs. 0.624%), while IAV-RV C was close to random expectation (0.217% vs. 0.210%).
conclusionRV and IAV exhibited subtype-dependent interaction patterns in this regional cohort, with apparent mutual exclusion for RV-A/RV-B and near-random coexistence for RV-C. These findings support subtype-stratified surveillance and season-specific prevention strategies.
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