Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42119146›Full record

ArticleBJS open2026

Impact of breast cancer characteristics on the development and time to liver metastases: population-based study.

Marcus Sundén, Elin Lindqvist, Ellen Wahlqvist, Ellen Hansson, Charlotta Wadsten, Anne Andersson, Malin Sund, Oskar Hemmingsson

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BJS open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marcus SundénDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Elin LindqvistDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Ellen WahlqvistDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Ellen HanssonDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Charlotta WadstenDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-0571-7265
Anne AnderssonDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Malin SundDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7516-9543
Oskar HemmingssonDepartment of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1732-168X

Funding

Region Västerbotten RV1014216Swedish Breast Cancer Association 2018-0008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBreast cancer (Bc) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. In many patients, BC liver metastases (BCLM) are associated with short survival. The aims of this study were to investigate the risk of and time to BCLM in each BC surrogate subtype, and to determine the incidence of BCLM in a population-based setting.

methodsThe Swedish national breast cancer registry identified patients with Bc in a regional cohort from 2009 to 2018. The cohort was followed until January 2023. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the risk of BCLM for each subtype. Kaplan-Meier estimates determined the probability of BCLM for each subtype over time.

resultsIn all, 7292 patients with Bc were included in the study. Distant metastases developed in 755 patients (10.4%); of these, 345 (45.7%) developed BCLM. The BCLM incidence rate was 8 per 1000 person-years. Only 13 patients had oligometastases isolated to the liver. Triple-negative, non-luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and luminal B cancers had the highest risk of BCLM. T category, nodal status, and Nottingham histological grade III were also strongly associated with BCLM. The median time from Bc diagnosis to BCLM was 36 months. Patients with HER2-positive BC subtypes developed BCLM early, at a median of only 9 months.

conclusionBc subtype is correlated to the risk and timing of BCLM development. BCLM are common in advanced Bc, but isolated oligometastases are rare.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsLiver NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesFemaleHumansIncidenceKaplan-Meier EstimateMiddle AgedRegistriesRisk FactorsSwedenTime FactorsErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinaseshuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)incidenceNeoplasmoestrogenprogesteronesurrogate subtype

Identifiers

PMID42119146
PMCPMC13166869

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