Trial reportEuropean journal of orthodontics2026
Impact of oral probiotics on oral health and halitosis in orthodontic patients treated with aligners or conventional fixed appliances vs placebo: two randomized clinical trials.
Trial report in European journal of orthodontics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHalitosis is primarily caused by oral microbiota dysbiosis, exacerbated by orthodontic appliances that promote plaque retention. Probiotics offer a potential non-invasive strategy to rebalance oral flora and reduce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), but their clinical effectiveness remains largely underexplored in Orthodontics.
objectivesThe aim of these trials was to determine the effect of oral probiotics containing Lactobacillus salivarius Oral S1 on plaque and gingival indices as well as on halitosis (via VSC) in patients treated with orthodontic brackets or aligners vs placebo.
methodsThis study was ran as two separate parallel 2-arm trials (fixed appliance trial and aligner trial) in two centers. Each trial included 59 patients randomly allocated to either probiotics or placebo. The intervention was 1 month course of probiotics, compared with placebo. The primary outcome was the modified plaque index (PI-M) and the secondary outcomes were the gingival index (GI) and the VSC levels i.e. H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and their sum (total VSC), all measured at baseline (T0), after 1 month of intervention (T1), and 2 months after discontinuation of the probiotics (T2).
resultsIn the aligner group, a significant treatment × time interaction was detected for H2S (P < .001) and total VSC (P < .001), indicating that the changes in these variables over time differed significantly between the treatment groups. In the fixed appliance group, a statistically significant treatment × time interaction was identified for PI-M (P = .01), GI (P < .001), H2S (P = .03), and total VSC (P = .03). Probiotic use was particularly effective in the latter group, with notable improvements in plaque control, gingival health, and halitosis reduction. Partial relapse occurred by T2, suggesting that benefits mostly diminish after intervention cessation.
conclusionsAdministration of oral probiotics for 1 month significantly improved periodontal health and reduced halitosis in orthodontic patients, especially in those with fixed appliances.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.