Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42118205›Full record

ArticlePhotochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology2026

Formation and cellular uptake of Bleomycin saccharide decorated molecular spherical nucleic acids evaluated by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

Toni Laine, Iida Kähärä, Ann-Mari Yliperttula, Ezgi Özliseli, Saara Siekkinen, Emilia Löfman, Ekaterina Lisitsyna, Annika Gerlander, Vijay Gulumkar, Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Toni Laine *Department of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
Iida Kähärä *Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Chemistry and Advanced Materials , Tampere University , Tampere, Finland, FI-33720.
Ann-Mari YliperttulaDepartment of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
Ezgi ÖzliseliDepartment of Natural and Health Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory , Åbo Akademi University , Turku, FI-20500, Finland.
Saara SiekkinenDepartment of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
Emilia LöfmanFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Chemistry and Advanced Materials , Tampere University , Tampere, Finland, FI-33720.
Ekaterina LisitsynaFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Chemistry and Advanced Materials , Tampere University , Tampere, Finland, FI-33720.
Annika GerlanderFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Chemistry and Advanced Materials , Tampere University , Tampere, Finland, FI-33720.
Vijay GulumkarDepartment of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
Elina Vuorimaa-LaukkanenFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Chemistry and Advanced Materials , Tampere University , Tampere, Finland, FI-33720.
Jessica M RosenholmDepartment of Natural and Health Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory , Åbo Akademi University , Turku, FI-20500, Finland.
Marjo YliperttulaDivision of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Päivi Poijärvi-VirtaDepartment of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI-20500, Turku, Finland.
Pasi VirtaDepartment of Chemistry , University of Turku , FI-20500, Turku, Finland. pamavi@utu.fi.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oligonucleotide-carbohydrate conjugates is an efficient strategy to provide cell-specific delivery of oligonucleotides. Combining the multivalent nature of molecular spherical nucleic acids (MSNAs) with a proper glyco-decoration results in multiglyco-oligonucleotide constructs, which could potentially increase the sugar-based cell surface recognition and widen the scope of sugars applied for delivery. On the other hand, MSNAs are prone to scavenger A-receptor-mediated endocytosis, the strength of which can hardly be compensated by the sugar-mediated delivery. In this report, the formation of bleomycin saccharide-decorated MSNAs was evaluated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies, revealing significant effects on the fluorescence quantum yields and negative cooperativity. Cellular uptake of the MSNAs in cancerous 22Rv1 and PC3 cell-lines was evaluated by fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), wide-field microscopy, and flow cytometry. In addition, optimized synthesis and further characterization (homogeneity and molecular mass evaluation, DNase I stability) of these hybridization-mediated macromolecular glycoclusters, consisting of 36 mono/disaccharide units, were described.

Indexed as

BleomycinNucleic AcidsOligonucleotidesCell Line, TumorHumansSpectrometry, FluorescenceBleomycinNucleic AcidsOligonucleotidesAntisense oligonucleotideBleomycinCarbohydrate conjugatesFluorescence lifetime microscopyMolecular spherical nucleic acidsTime-resolved fluorescence

Identifiers

PMID42118205

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.