Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42117942›Full record

ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Exhibit Cytotoxicity Against Bulk Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Melanie Kirkby, Frederic St-Denis-Bissonnette, Marena D Diab, Karan Mediratta, Anna Korobkow, James Humber, Peter Han, Gauri Muradia, Michele Ardolino, Seung-Hwan Lee and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Melanie KirkbyBiologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
Frederic St-Denis-BissonnetteBiologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3355-4950
Marena D DiabDepartment of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
Karan MedirattaDepartment of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
Anna KorobkowBiologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
James HumberDepartment of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
Peter HanDepartment of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
Gauri MuradiaBiologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
Michele ArdolinoDepartment of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-4114-0985
Seung-Hwan LeeDepartment of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7703-6421
Derrick J GibbingsDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
Dylan BurgerDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3951-2911
Lisheng WangDepartment of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4161-9905
Jessie R LavoieBiologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.

Funding

Cancer Research Society 24064CIHR 175177Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN-2019-05220
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a significant challenge in oncology, contributing to a significant portion of cancer-related deaths among women. Current therapeutic options, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and hormonal targeting therapies, exhibit limited efficacy, necessitating the exploration of innovative treatment modalities. The emergence of drug resistance and the persistence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) further emphasize the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. In this context, natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NK-EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach that exhibits high tumor infiltration and cytotoxicity against cancer cells and CSCs. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of NK-EVs as a therapeutic strategy for TNBC using various clinically relevant models, including patient-derived xenografts. Pathway analysis suggests strong activation of apoptosis via canonical caspase activation, as well as necrosis, thereby confirming the important cytotoxic effect of NK-EVs. Interestingly, NK-EVs were also found to suppress TNBC CSCs by disrupting their functionality and viability, and NK-EV treatment increased the expression of apoptosis markers in both CSCs and non-CSCs. By elucidating the therapeutic efficacy and translational potential of NK-EV-based interventions in TNBC, these findings offer critical insights for the development of future immunotherapeutic strategies against this aggressive subtype of breast cancer.

Indexed as

cancer stem cells (CSCs)natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NK-EVs)patient-derived xenograft (PDX)solid tumortriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)

Identifiers

PMID42117942
PMCPMC13165227

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.