ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026
Investigation of Subcortical Deficits in Unilateral Adult Amblyopia by fMRI.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate layer-specific deficits in the retino-geniculo-striate pathway and functional alterations in the retino-tectal pathway in adult unilateral amblyopia. Methods: Sixteen adult patients (mean age ± SD = 28.4 ± 5.2 years; 9 men and 7 women) with unilateral amblyopia and 12 matched healthy controls (mean age ± SD = 27.1 ± 4.8 years; 7 men and 5 women) underwent 3T fMRI scanning. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and superior colliculus (SC) were chosen as regions of interest (ROIs) to assess functional status. Responses of the M and P layers were analyzed with general linear models, and stimulus-specific beta values were extracted for quantitative comparison. Results: A significant interaction between stimulus type and subject group was observed in the LGN P layer but not in the M layer. The P-layer responses to P stimuli were significantly reduced in amblyopic eyes, whereas M responses remained relatively preserved, this reduction may partly reflect reduced effective contrast in the amblyopic eye, and input-level factors cannot be fully excluded. In the SC, fellow eyes showed decreased M responses and a shift toward P-preference, whereas no clear deficits were observed in amblyopic eyes. Moreover, MT responses in both amblyopic and fellow eyes were significantly reduced compared with healthy controls, suggesting broader cortical involvement. However, V1 and V2 responses showed no significant reduction, indicating relatively intact early visual cortex activation. Conclusions: An fMRI allowed noninvasive segregation of M and P divisions in the LGN of amblyopic adults. Under the current stimulus conditions, amblyopic eyes showed a predominant reduction in LGN responses, whereas fellow eyes exhibited M-function loss and P-preference shift in the SC. Reduced MT responses in both eyes may arise from abnormal binocular integration mechanisms rather than primary dysfunction in V1 or the M pathway. These findings suggest pathway-selective alterations in subcortical visual structures, although contributions from interocular differences in contrast sensitivity warrant further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.