Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42116568›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

Flash Assembloids: A Rapid Biofabrication of a Platform for Modeling Early Glioblastoma Invasion at the Glioblastoma-Brain Organoid Interfaces.

Chao Liang, Henry Robert Howard, Shihui Chen, Won-Young Choi, Summer Cao, Arthur Chien, Kevin Zou, Michael Kassiou, Fabien Delerue, Ho Sang Jung and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Chao LiangBiofunctional Materials Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
Henry Robert HowardSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, New South Wales, Australia.
Shihui ChenSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, New South Wales, Australia.
Won-Young ChoiDepartment of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Summer CaoSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, New South Wales, Australia.
Arthur ChienThe Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Kevin ZouSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, New South Wales, Australia.
Michael KassiouSchool of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Fabien DelerueDepartment of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Ho Sang JungSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yeonju ParkDepartment of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, and Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
Young Mee JungDepartment of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, and Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
Yong-Dae KwonDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Karrie M KiangDepartment of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
Gilberto Ka-Kit LeungDepartment of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
Ryohichi SugimuraSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
Ann-Na ChoSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-8867
Sang Jin LeeBiofunctional Materials Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-8785

Funding

Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering (ATSE) Global Connections Fund 2025-A.N.C 77-AUBrain and Mind Centre/Engagement Collaborative GrantsCentre for Drug Discovery InnovationNational Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership 1 Fellow 2024/GNT2033108National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT RS-2024-00338610Sydney Horizon FellowshipSydney Nano Institute KickstarterTechnology Development Program funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS, Korea) RS-2024-00512145
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive brain malignancies, characterized by rapid infiltration, therapeutic resistance, and dismal prognosis. Modeling GBM invasion in physiologically relevant systems has been hindered by the lack of reproducible platforms. Here, we present a bioengineered assembloid (ASM) system that integrates GBM cells encapsulated in self-degradable 5% oxidized alginate microgel (5OA) with dorsal forebrain organoids (DOs) to recapitulate early tumor-host interactions during glioblastoma invasion toward the brain. Live-cell imaging revealed GBM self-aggregation, leading to increased recruitment and invasion at the DO boundary, accompanied by strong cell-cell adhesion, nuclear compaction, and the infiltration fronts enriched in SOX2

Indexed as

BrainBrain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaOrganoidsAlginatesAnimalsCell AdhesionCell Line, TumorHumansMiceNeoplasm InvasivenessSignal TransductionAlginatesglioblastomainvasivenessorganoid fabricationtumor extracellular matrixtumor‐host interactions

Identifiers

PMID42116568
PMCPMC13542853

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.