SynthesisEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2026
The relationship among cognitive reserve and symptoms, cognition, and functioning in schizophrenia: A case-control study and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCognitive reserve (CR) is considered a positive factor in the onset, progression, and prognosis of diseases. It may also help explain the clinical heterogeneity observed in schizophrenia (SZ).
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 70 patients with SZ and 64 healthy controls. Participants were assessed on CR, symptoms, cognition, and functional outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, we also searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO for studies published up to September 25, 2025. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
resultsPatients with higher CR showed less severe negative and general psychopathological symptoms, along with better functional outcomes. Meta-analysis confirmed this relationship and further revealed positive correlations between CR and multiple cognitive domains, including speed of processing, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, and reasoning and problem solving.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates a positive association between CR and symptoms severity, cognitive performance, and functional outcomes in SZ.
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